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LS 6000 Scintillation System User’s Manual
PN 247971-F
7-7
How Sample Preparation Affects Results
Other Factors That May Affect Accurate Results
7
Background
The background in the Wide window should be less than 60 CPM. The background in an LS
counter is influenced by the noise within the system (phototubes, electronics), naturally
occurring radioactivity, and cosmic rays. The background also varies with the size and type of
vial (plastic has lower back-ground than glass), and the altitude (about a 7% increase in
background for each 1000 feet above sea level).
7.6 Other Factors That May Affect Accurate Results
Contamination
High backgrounds are often the result of radioactive contamination of the instrument
(sample changer, elevator, counting chamber) as a result of a spill, leaking vials, improperly
closed vials, evaporation of radioisotopes, or contamination on the outside of the vials.
High background may also result from a radioactive source stored in the vicinity of the
instrument. If this is suspected, then swab tests in and near the instrument, and a Geiger
counter survey of the area, should be performed. The radiation safety officer at your facility
should be contacted for further advice on these procedures.
Noise
If repeated counts of a background reference standard yield results that vary beyond the
appropriate statistical limits, the problem may be due to some form of noise. This may be
occurring in one of three ways: generated within the system;
entering through the AC power line; or radiated from some source within the vicinity.
Powerful RF transmission stations, even at some distance, can cause interference with
instrument operation. However, this situation, as well as problems due to AC line noise, is
fairly easy to detect and correct.
Good electrical grounding is important with these instruments, and an inadequate ground
connection may give rise to instrument noise. When an instrument that has been operating
properly becomes noisy, the cause may be an increase in the noise rate of the photomultiplier
tubes.
- LS 6000 Series 1
- Table of Contents 3
- Introduction 11
- Principles of Operation 12
- Operating the Instrument 12
- Operating Modes 13
- 1.3 Specifications 14
- Precautions and Limitations 15
- Figure 1.1 Standard Vial 15
- Miniature Vials 16
- 1.5 Hazards 17
- Maintenance 18
- Getting Started 19
- 2.2 Power Failure 21
- 2.3 Operating Controls 21
- Operator Control Key pad 22
- Using the Operating Controls 24
- 2.4 Using the Racks 25
- Using the Racks 26
- Setting Up the Racks 27
- 2.5 Preparing the Printer 29
- 2.6 System Setup 30
- Energy Scale 31
- Printer Paging 32
- Allow Interrupt Count 32
- System Setup 33
- Figure 2.9 RS232 Setup Menu 33
- Date/Time 35
- Auto DPM 35
- 2.7 Calibration 36
- Counting Samples 39
- Starting the Automatic Count 40
- Conducting Count Single Rack 41
- 3.4 Auto DPM 46
- 3.5 Multi-Task 47
- Interrupt Count in Multi-Task 48
- Multi-Task 50
- Interrupt Data 51
- Setting Up User Programs 59
- 4.2 Editing A User Program 61
- Editing A User Program 62
- Comments 65
- Counting Time 65
- Liquid or Xtal Scintillator 65
- Isotope 1 65
- Isotope 2 and Isotope 3 66
- Edit Other Parameters 67
- Counting Precision 69
- Background/Blank Subtraction 69
- Lum-Ex Correction 71
- Phase Monitor 72
- Low Level 72
- Low Count Reject 72
- Output Formats 72
- Count Data 75
- Raw Data 75
- Collecting Spectral Data 76
- 4.3 Copy User Program 77
- Copy User Program 78
- 5.2 CPM/Xtal CPM 80
- CPM/Xtal CPM 81
- Results for CPM/Xtal CPM 83
- 5.4 Auto DPM 85
- Setting Up Auto DPM 86
- Loading Samples for Auto DPM 86
- Results for Auto DPM 86
- Setting Up DPM 87
- 5.6 Xtal DPM 89
- Xtal DPM 90
- Setting Up Xtal DPM 91
- Loading Samples for Xtal DPM 92
- 5.7 DPM % of Reference 93
- Setting Up DPM % of Reference 94
- Xtal SL DPM % of Reference 95
- 5.9 Single Photon Monitoring 98
- Data Calculation 100
- Single Photon Monitoring 100
- Isotope/DPM Libraries 103
- Accessing the Isotope Library 104
- Printing the Isotope Library 104
- The Isotope Library 105
- Setup Menu 106
- PN 247971-F 108
- 5 minutes 109
- 6.2 Setting Up A Quench Curve 110
- Setting Up A Quench Curve 112
- Counting the Standards 114
- Editing Quench Curves 120
- Deleting A Quench Curve 124
- Manual Entry of Quench Curves 125
- 7.1 Chemiluminescence 127
- Interpretation of Results 128
- Reducing Single Photon Events 128
- 7.3 Two Phase Samples 129
- Procedures 131
- Analysis of Data 131
- H Counting Efficiency 132
- C Counting Efficiency 132
- Background 133
- Contamination 133
- Instrument Specifications 135
- Temperature Control Accessory 138
- Installation Requirements 139
- Electrical Requirements 140
- 0.5 to 1.0 m in 140
- Environment Requirements 142
- . Note that the output 144
- Datum IDs 146
- CHAPTER 1, PART 31 167
- Region I 170
- Region II 170
- Region III 170
- Region IV 170
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